Classical and modern classifications of luxations and fractures of thoracolumbar spine. Biomechanical and clinical aspects. Review of literature.

The authors present the advantages and disadvantages of the Denis and AO classifications based on a review of classical and recent literature concerning the evolution of classification of thoracolumbar spine conditions. The newest classification of fractures proposed by Vaccaro (TLICS - Thoracolumbar Injury Classification Severity Score) is discussed in detail. Special attention is given to instability in these fractures. The principles of modern operative treatment are briefly discussed. Short transpedicular segmental stabilization and immobilization is a commonly accepted approach in unstable fractures with neurological deficits.